Gateway to the Interior: 

Swellendam was established as settlers ventured into South Africa’s interior it played a crucial role as a gateway to the inland regions. Founded in 1743, it became the third oldest magisterial district in the country. It was named after Hendrik Swellengrebel, the first South African-born governor. The town quickly grew as the last outpost before the interior, driving demand for goods and services. By the 19th century, it was a key base for the Overberg merchant empire led by Joseph Barry, which even issued its own banknotes and ran a courier service between the Breede River and Cape Town.

It was also significant in the history of Merino sheep farming in South Africa. The first Merino sheep, descended from Spanish stock, were introduced to the area in 1803, establishing the foundation for a thriving agricultural industry.

In 1864,  The Great Western Agricultural Show was held here highlighting its importance in the region. The town boasted early amenities such as a library and a racecourse, reflecting its development.

The Republic of Swellendam briefly emerged in 1795 due to dissatisfaction with Dutch East India Company rule, but the Cape’s subsequent occupation by Britain ended the rebellion. The arrival of British settlers further boosted Swellendam’s growth as a vital refreshment station along the coastal route. Today, Swellendam remains a prosperous agricultural hub.

In 2011, the town reaffirmed its commitment to the principles of The New South Africa, symbolically re-declaring itself a republic focused on respect for people and nature.